Culture | Common denominators

Paying attention to numbers can open up meaning in books

Sarah Hart, a professor of geometry, looks at works including “Moby Dick” and “War and Peace”

Illustration by Sir John Tenniel, watercolour by Gertrude Thomson The Nursery Alice (Alice in Wonderland), by Lewis Carroll London, MacMilllan, 1889. Mad Hatter's tea party. (Photo by: Photo12/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
Image: Getty Images

THE MEMBERS of Oulipo—an abbreviation of ouvroir de littérature potentielle, or “workshop of potential literature”—gathered in a café in Paris in November 1960. The avant-garde group sought new ways to tell stories; they revelled in constraint. In 1947 Raymond Queneau, the collective’s co-founder, had imagined a single short story in 99 different ways in his “Exercises in Style”. In 1969 Georges Perec wrote a novel that omitted the letter “e”. Three years later he produced a novella in which “e” was the only vowel used.

This article appeared in the Culture section of the print edition under the headline “Common denominators”

Riding high: The lessons of America’s astonishing economy

From the April 15th 2023 edition

Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contents

Explore the edition

More from Culture

An illustration of two hands holding pencils and writing on each other's sleeves, which resemble books.

Sex, drugs or chastity?

Pope Francis has written the first memoir by a sitting pope. God help us

An illustration of a blue backpack under a bright spotlight.

Backpacks are, surprisingly, in vogue

They are following in sneakers’ path and becoming more fashionable


An illustration of tornado echoing the shapes of the Spotify logo with broken notes flying in the air.

Spotify’s playlists have altered the music industry in unexpected ways

A critical assessment of the Swedish streaming giant’s musical legacy


Henri Bergson was once the world’s most famous philosopher

He sought to reconcile science and metaphysics

Witty and wise, “A Real Pain” is a masterpiece in a minor key

Jesse Eisenberg’s deceptively slight film asks big moral questions

Now it’s all about TikTok. But Huawei led the way

The Chinese telecoms firm was the first to raise America’s hackles