Middle East & Africa | Echoes of war

A resurgence of regional rivalries imperils eastern Congo

Meddling neighbours add to the mayhem

MWENDA SURROUNDS, NORTH KIVU, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO - APRIL 07: Soldiers from the Congolese Army Forces are seen in their forward operating bases around Mwenda, a small town that sits at the foot of the Rwenzori mountains, on April 7, 2021 in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is close to Virunga National Park where a camp of ADF members live and hide. This town has been attacked multiple times by the ADF, with many civilians killed and some beheaded. A number of people including children have been abducted. As a result the Congolese army has a number of forward operating bases dotted around the area. The ADF is an Islamic terror group based out of Eastern DR Congo that, in recent years, has developed a relationship with the Islamic State after pledging allegiance to ISIS leadership. They are known locally as ISIS in Congo. ADF have killed over 5000 Congolese civilians in recent years, abducted and displaced thousands and killed over 2500 Congolese Army Soldiers. (Photo by Brent Stirton/Getty Images)
|NAIROBI

The blood-soaked east of Congo can seem depressingly complex. More than 120 armed groups—a few with political aims, most mineral-hungry bandits with ak-47s—make life miserable for millions in a vast region stretching from South Sudan to Tanzania (see map). Congo’s neighbours, especially Rwanda and Uganda, have a history of fighting on its soil and looting the minerals beneath it. During the second Congo war (1998-2003), anywhere from 800,000 to 5m people died, mostly of war-related hunger or disease.

This article appeared in the Middle East & Africa section of the print edition under the headline “Echoes of war”

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