Science & technology | Culture shock

A sophisticated civilisation once flourished in the Amazon basin

How the Casarabe died out remains a mystery

Drainage canals (linear features that drain into a small meandering river) seen from above.
Hidden in plain sightPhotograph: Umberto Lombardo

In northern Bolivia, on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, lies a savannah called the Llanos de Moxos. This is the stamping-ground of Umberto Lombardo, of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Archaeologists once thought the Amazon basin’s soil would have been too poor to have sustained a large human population before Europeans arrived. Dr Lombardo is head of a team proving them wrong.

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